UK to resume arms sales to Saudi Arabia despite Yemen fears
Britain will resume arms sales to Saudi Arabia despite fears weaponry could be used against civilians in Yemen – 24 hours after Dominic Raab put 20 of the Crown Prince’s officials on sanctions list over ‘human rights abuses’
- Liz Truss says Saudi Arabia ‘genuinely’ wants to comply with international law
- She added Saudi air strikes on civilians in Yemen were just ‘isolated incidents’
- The move comes just day after the UK imposed sanctions on 20 Saudi nationals
- The government’s decision has been condemned as being ‘morally bankrupt’
By Danyal Hussain and Martin Robinson Chief Reporter For Mailonline
Published: 16:22 EDT, 7 July 2020 | Updated: 02:08 EDT, 8 July 2020
Britain will resume its arms sales to Saudi Arabia despite fears that UK-made weapons could be used by Riyadh against civilians in Yemen and 20 of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s aides being added to a UK sanction’s list for human rights abuses.
International Trade Secretary Liz Truss said a fresh analysis of alleged violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) involving Saudi air strikes in Yemen had concluded any breaches were ‘isolated incidents’.
In a Commons written statement, she said the Saudis had a ‘genuine intent’ to comply with IHL and that military exports could resume.
Hours earlier the UK imposed sanctions on 20 Saudi nationals linked to the killing of the journalist Jamal Khashoggi – has been condemned as ‘morally bankrupt’ by campaigners whose legal action forced the Government to halt arms sales to the Saudis in June 2019.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is accused of ordering the murder of Mr Khashoggi, is not be on the list because he has diplomatic immunity but the fact that many of his closest aides are included raises more uncomfortable questions for the Saudi royal family.
Last year then-international trade secretary Liam Fox announced the Government would not issue any new licences after the Court of Appeal ruled continuing sales would be unlawful.
It followed claims that Saudi warplanes fighting in the coalition against Iranian-backed Houthi rebels had repeatedly targeted civilian gatherings including weddings, funerals and markets.
International Trade Secretary Liz Truss said a fresh analysis of alleged violations of international humanitarian law (IHL) involving Saudi air strikes in Yemen had concluded any breaches were ‘isolated incidents’
In its judgment, the court said the Government had failed to make any concluded assessment of whether the Saudis and their allies had committed violation of IHL
There were claims that Saudi warplanes fighting in the coalition against Iranian-backed Houthi rebels had repeatedly targeted civilian gatherings including weddings, funerals and markets
The move is also likely to cause tensions between London and Riyadh and will likely raise further questions over the role of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in the killing of Mr Khashoggi
How will the UK’s new sanctions regime work and who will be targeted?
Dominic Raab set out the UK’s first ‘autonomous’ sanctions regime to target people guilty of international human rights abuses.
Below are the key points made by the Foreign Secretary as he addressed MPs in the House of Commons this afternoon.
On who will be targeted:
‘In 2019, it was in the Conservative Party manifesto as a clear commitment. So, today, I am proud that under this Prime Minister and this Government we make good on that pledge bringing into force the UK’s first autonomous human rights sanctions regime, which gives us the power to impose sanctions on those involved in the very worst of human rights abuses around the world.’
On the powers which can be used:
‘The Regulations will enable us to impose travel bans and asset freezes against those involved in serious human rights violations.’
On the UK’s message to perpetrators:
‘Today this Government and this House sends a very clear message on behalf of the British people: that those with blood on their hands, the thugs of despots, or the henchmen of dictators, won’t be free to Waltz into this country to buy up property on the Kings Road, or do their Christmas shopping in Knightsbridge, or frankly to siphon dirty money through British banks or financial institutions.’
On how the regime could be extended:
‘We are already considering how a corruption regime could be added to the armoury of legal weapons that we have.’
On how long sanctions could apply:
‘In practice, those people designated will be able to request that a Minister review the decision. They will be able to challenge the decision in court. And as a matter of due diligence, the Government will review all designations at least once every three years.’
In its judgment, the court said the Government had failed to make any concluded assessment of whether the Saudis and their allies had committed violation of IHL and had ‘made no attempt to do so’.
In her statement, Ms Truss said an analysis had now been carried out of ‘all credible incidents of concern’.
While some had been assessed as ‘possible’ violations of IHL, the analysis had not revealed any ‘patterns, trends or systemic weaknesses’.
‘It is noted, in particular, that the incidents which have been assessed to be possible violations of IHL occurred at different times, in different circumstances and for different reasons. The conclusion is that these are isolated incidents,’ she said.
‘In the light of all that information and analysis, I have concluded that, notwithstanding the isolated incidents which have been factored into the analysis as historic violations of IHL, Saudi Arabia has a genuine intent and the capacity to comply with IHL.
‘On that basis, I have assessed that there is not a clear risk that the export of arms and military equipment to Saudi Arabia might be used in the commission of a serious violation of IHL.’
The decision – coming the day after the UK imposed sanctions on 20 Saudi nationals linked to the killing of the journalist Jamal Khashoggi – was condemned as ‘rank hypocrisy’ by the Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT), which brought the original case.
Labour’s Emily Thornberry, said that ‘even by this Government’s standards, their decision to resume the sale of arms to Saudi Arabia for use in Yemen is morally indefensible’.
Save The Children’s head of children and armed conflict, Denisa Delic, said that ministers have ‘decided that killing and injuring thousands of children in Yemen does not constitute a ‘pattern of harm”.
‘The world’s most vulnerable children need action not words. They need protection, not more bombs,’ she added.
‘Unfortunately today’s actions seem to send an even clearer one: that the UK Government has no problem with British weapons killing and maiming innocent children.’
Amnesty International UK director Kate Allen accused the Government of ‘a deeply cynical move’.
‘This seems like an attempt to rewrite history and disregard international law,’ she added.
‘The UK is bypassing its obligations under the international arms control framework.’
Andrew Smith, of the CAAT, said its lawyers would now be looking at ‘all options’ to challenge it.
‘This is a disgraceful and morally bankrupt decision,’ he said.
‘The Saudi-led bombardment of Yemen has created the world’s worst humanitarian crisis, and the Government itself admits that UK-made arms have played a central role in the bombing.
‘Only yesterday, the Government was talking about the need to sanction human rights abusers, but now it has shown that it will do everything it can to continue arming and supporting one of the most brutal dictatorships in the world.’
Jamal Khashoggi was a journalist who had been critical of Saudi Arabia’s royal family before being murdered in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in October 2018. His fiancee Hatice Cengiz says that the country’s crown prince should not be allowed to buy UK assets
Saud Abdullah Al Qahtani, Prince Mohammed’s most trusted adviser at the time, is said to have planned and directed the operation to kill Mr Khashoggi and is also on the sanctions list
Deputy head of the intelligence services Ahmed Hassan Mohammed Al Asiri – who is alleged to have commissioned the 15-man team which killed Mr Khashoggi – is included in the list
Who are the people being targeted by the UK’s new sanctions regime?
Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab announced sanctions against 49 organisations and individuals yesterday who are accused of human rights abuses.
They are from four different nations, including 25 from Russia and 20 from Saudi Arabia.
The rest are from North Korea and Myanmar.
So who’s on the list?
Russia
Britain sanctioned 25 Russian officials, including Alexander Bastrykin, the head of the powerful Investigative Committee which reports directly to President Vladimir Putin
The sanctions will cover those involved in the deaths of the Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky.
The Russian lawyer uncovered large-scale tax fraud in his home country and died in prison after giving evidence against corrupt officials. He lends his name to the US Magnitsky Act which imposes sanctions on human rights abusers.
Moscow’s top prosecutor, Alexander Bastrykin, an ally of President Vladimir Putin is the most high-profie figure on the list.
Oleg Silchenko, one of the Russian Interior Ministry’s investigators, is also included on the list
Other sanctioned Russians include Aleksey Vasilyevich Anichin – who was a deputy minister in the Interior Ministry involved in investigating Mr Magnitsky – and Oleg Silchenko, one of the ministry’s investigators.
Also sanctioned yesterday was Dmitry Kratov, who was the chief medical officer at Butyrka prison, where Magnitsky was held for some of his time in custody.
The list also includes the two top officials from the investigative committee of the ministry’s financial crimes department, Gennady Karlov and Natalya Vonogradova.
The Foreign Office has also moved against medics who are thought to have attempted to cover up Mr Magnitsky’s death.
Alexandra Gauss, is named, together with Fikret Tagiyev and other senior prison service figures.
They are accused of rejecting Magnitsky’s desperate pleas for medical help.
In 2013, a Moscow court found Magnitsky guilty of tax evasion in Russia’s first posthumous trial. The sentence was read out in front of an empty cage.
Boris Kibis,who was involved in pursuing the posthumous case, is on the list, as is Viktor Grin, Russia’s deputy general prosecutor.
Grin absolved the officials involved of wrongdoing.
Several judges who sent Magnitsky to prison were also named, including Aleksey Krivoruchko and Svetlana Ukhnalyova.
They will now be subject to UK travel bans and asset freezes.
Saudi Arabia
Deputy head of the intelligence services Ahmed Hassan Mohammed Al Asiri – who is alleged to have commissioned the 15-man team which killed Mr Khashoggi – is included in the list
Six members of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s inner circle, including his former chief adviser, are among 20 Saudi nationals included on the sanctions list, for their role in the murder and dismemberment of journalist Jamal Khashoggi.
Mr Khashoggi was a journalist who had been critical of Saudi Arabia’s royal family before being killed in the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in October 2018.
The UK’s actions are likely to spark tension between London and Riyadh after Mr Raab said 20 Saudi Arabian nations would have their UK assets seized and would be banned from entering the UK.
Six of the members of the alleged hit squad sent to Turkey are listed as having ‘worked in the office of the crown prince’, being ‘an adviser to the crown prince’, having ‘worked with the crown prince’s adviser’ or being a ‘security official for the crown prince’.
Saud Abdullah Al Qahtani, Prince Mohammed’s most trusted adviser at the time, is said to have planned and directed the operation and is on the sanctions list.
Ahmed al-Asiri, the former deputy head of military intelligence, was cleared of the murder but is included in the UK list.
Forensic scientist Salah al-Tubaigy, was waiting for Khashoggi at the embassy.
He is accused of dismembering Khashoggi then directing a clean-up and is included in the list.
Mohammed al-Otaibi , Saudi Arabia’s consul general in Istanbul, was also cleared by a court in Riyadh due to ‘lack of evidence’ but is included in the list.
Myanmar
Sanctions have been imposed against Min Aung Hlaing , the top military commander responsible for the 2017 genocide against the country’s Rohingya Muslim population.
He has been accused of ‘serious human rights violations’ by the Foreign Office, which adds that Myanmar’s armed forces – the Tatmadaw – took
The commander in chief of the Burmese armed forces Min Aung Hlaing and his deputy Soe Win, who were responsible for military operations against the Rohingya in Rakhine state between 2017 and 2019 were named on the list
part in ‘unlawful killings, including through systematic burning of Rohingya houses and buildings’ and were guilty of ‘massacre, torture, forced labour, systematic rape and other forms of targeted sexual violence, and enforced labour’.
Hlaing’s deputy, Soe Win, has also been sanctioned for human rights violations, as well as for financing the Tatmadaw.
Attacks by the military and Buddhist mobs led to more than 700,000 Rohingyas fleeing across the border to Bangladesh.
North Korea
Two North Korean government organisations have been added to the sanctions list for running a network of secret prison camps.
They are the ministries of state security and people’s security.
The Foreign Office said camp guards and North Korean officials had committed multiple human rights violations against prisoners.
They include ‘murder, torture and enslavement’.
The listing was short on detail but did name one senior official in charge of the prison system as Kim Jong-ho.
Ms Truss said the Government would now begin the process of clearing the backlog of licence applications for Saudi Arabia and its coalition partners that had built up since last year.
Shadow international trade secretary Emily Thornberry called on Ms Truss to come to the Commons on Wednesday to explain the decision which ‘flies in the face of a Court of Appeal decision last year’.
Ms Thornberry said Ms Truss must ‘answer questions’ from MPs as soon as possible as there is ‘huge interest’ in the issue.
MPs have called for Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman to be banned from Britain and his UK-based assets frozen as Jamal Khashoggi’s fiancee urged the Premier League to block his takeover of Newcastle after 20 of his associates were named on a UK sanctions list of the world’s worst human rights abusers.
Mr Khashoggi was a journalist who had been critical of Saudi Arabia’s royal family and was lured to the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in October 2018 before being killed and dismembered.
His killing has now led to the UK taking action against 20 Saudi nationals, who will have their assets in Britain frozen and will be banned from entering the country immediately.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is accused of ordering the murder of Mr Khashoggi, is not be on the list because he has diplomatic immunity but the fact that many of his closest aides are included raises more uncomfortable questions for the Saudi royal family.
Labour MP Chris Bryant suggested the Prince should be declared persona non grata and told MailOnline: ‘Given that the blood stained trail leads directly to his door it is surprising that the government has not yet declared him as well as his henchmen unwelcome in this land’.
Prince Mohammed is chairman of the Arabia Public Investment Fund, which is currently vying to buy an 80% stake in Newcastle United from Sports Direct owner Mike Ashley. The fund is also has a London headquarters and has stakes in Facebook, Disney, Tesla, several international banks and last month bought shares in BT to help fund Britain’s new broadband network.
Hatice Cengiz, Mr Khashoggi’s fiancee, told Good Morning Britain: ‘To Newcastle fans if you are not happy with the current owner the Crown Prince will be much worse and for fans I want to say if Mike Ashley is like a bad dream for them the Crown Prince will be a nightmare.’
The move to sanction 20 senior Saudis is likely to cause tensions between London and Riyadh and will also raise further questions over the role of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in the killing of Mr Khashoggi. Six of the members of the alleged hit squad sent to Turkey are listed as having ‘worked in the office of the crown prince’, being ‘an adviser to the crown prince’, having ‘worked with the crown prince’s adviser’ or being a ‘security official for the crown prince’.
There are 25 Russian nationals linked to the mistreatment of lawyer Sergei Magnitsky – who died in police custody in 2009 after exposing allegations of widespread tax corruption.
The list includes the commander in chief of Myanmar’s armed forces Min Aung Hlaing and his deputy Soe Win, who were responsible for military operations against the Rohingya between 2017 and 2019.
And it includes North Korea’s Ministry of State Security Bureau 7 and the Ministry of People’s Security Correctional Bureau, which run prison camps linked to numerous violations including murder, torture and enslavement.
Saud Abdullah Al Qahtani, Prince Mohammed’s most trusted adviser at the time, is said to have planned and directed the operation and is also on the sanctions list.
Ahmed al-Asiri, the former deputy head of military intelligence, was cleared of the murder in a Riyadh trial, but is included in the UK list.
Also included is forensic scientist Salah al-Tubaigy, who was waiting for Mr Khashoggi at the embassy.
He is accused of dismembering the journalist before directing a clean-up.
Mohammed al-Otaibi , Saudi Arabia’s consul general in Istanbul, was also cleared by a court in Riyadh due to ‘lack of evidence’ but is included in the list.
Britain has identified 49 ‘notorious’ individuals and organisations and accused them of human rights abuses with 25 of them Russian and others coming from Myanmar and North Korea.
Russia has threatened to retaliate against the UK after Dominic Raab unveiled the government’s new sanction regime against the ‘very worst human rights abuses’.
The Foreign Secretary yesterday warned despots, dictators and their henchmen they will no longer be able to buy property in the UK or ‘siphon dirty money through British banks’ as he unveiled the Government’s new sanctions programme.
Mr Raab told MPs the UK’s first sanctions for human rights abuses will cover those involved in the deaths of the Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky, as well as Mr Khashoggi, the systemic killings of the Rohingya population in Myanmar and the North Korean gulags.
The sanctions will enable ministers to impose travel bans and to freeze the assets of both state officials and non-state actors.
Russia threatened to retaliate after Britain sanctioned officials including Alexander Bastrykin, the head of the powerful Investigative Committee which reports directly to President Vladimir Putin.
The Russian embassy in London said in statement: ‘The Russian side reserves the right to take retaliatory measures in connection with Britain’s hostile decision.’
The mission said Moscow was particularly outraged by the sanctioning of top directors of Russia’s Investigative Committee and General Prosecutor’s Office as well as judges.
The Foreign Secretary said this afternoon the new sanctions regime will target people responsible for the ‘very worst human rights abuses around the world’.
The Saudi Arabians on the list include an adviser close to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman.
Before Brexit the UK usually acted alongside the European Union or the United Nations when imposing sanctions on individuals accused of human rights abuses.
But the Government has decided to establish its own system following Britain’s split from Brussels.
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo backed the move as an example of British post-Brexit diplomacy.
‘This sanctions regime marks the beginning of a new era for UK sanctions policy and cooperation between our two democracies,’ he said in a statement.
The new powers unveiled by Mr Raab will:
- Allow ministers to impose travel bans on perpetrators and to freeze any assets they may hold in the UK.
- Mr Raab said that will mean the end of dictators and their henchmen being able to ‘Waltz into this country to buy up property on the Kings Road, or do their Christmas shopping in Knightsbridge’.
- See the UK able to act unilaterally in targeting people guilty of human rights abuses, having previously usually acted alongside the EU or UN.
- Fulfil a pledge made by the Conservative Party in its 2019 general election manifesto to take targeted action against ‘human rights violators’.
- See all designations reviewed at least once every three years to make sure they should still apply.
Speaking in the House of Commons, Mr Raab said the new measures will ‘hold to account the perpetrators of the worst human rights abuses’ as he described them as a ‘forensic tool… to target perpetrators’.
‘Today this Government and this House sends a very clear message on behalf of the British people that those with blood on their hands, the thugs of despots, the henchman of dictators, will not be free to Waltz into this country to buy up property on the King’s Road, to do their Christmas shopping in Knightsbridge or frankly to siphon dirty money through British banks or other financial institutions,’ he said.
He added: ‘We have deliberately focused on the worst crimes so we have the clearest basis to make sure we can operate the new system as effectively as we possibly can.
‘That said we will continue to explore expanding this regime to include other human rights and I can tell the House that we are already considering how a corruption regime could be added to the armoury of legal weapons that we have.’
Dominic Raab, pictured in the House of Commons yesterday afternoon, has unveiled the UK’s new ‘autonomous’ sanctions regime to target people responsible for human rights abuses
Britain sanctioned 25 Russian officials, including Alexander Bastrykin, the head of the powerful Investigative Committee which reports directly to President Vladimir Putin
Myanmar’s military Commander-in-Chief, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing is also on the list
Dominic Raab (centre right) talking with Hermitage Capital CEO and anti-Kremlin activist, Bill Browder (right), and Natalya Magnitskaya (second left) and Nikita Magnitsky, the mother and son of former Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky
Sergei Magnitsky uncovered large-scale tax fraud in his home country and died in prison after giving evidence against corrupt officials
The commander in chief of the Burmese armed forces Min Aung Hlaing and his deputy Soe Win, who were responsible for military operations against the Rohingya in Rakhine state between 2017 and 2019 were named on the list
Oleg Silchenko, one of the Russian Interior Ministry’s investigators, is also included on the list
How ‘McMafia laws’ are keeping a close eye on foreign millionaires and their assets in Britain
Dubbed ‘McMafia laws’ after the BBC drama about super-rich foreign gangsters using London as their base, Unexplained Wealth Orders (UWOs) force millionaires who come into Britain from overseas to prove their assets were gained legally.
They require a person who is reasonably suspected of involvement in, or of being connected to a person involved in, serious crime to explain the nature and extent of their interest in particular property, if it is valued at more than £50,000. It is thought that up to £90billion of money linked to organised crime is laundered through the UK every year.
After the 2018 nerve agent attacks in Salisbury, the government said the measure would be at the heart of a crackdown on Russian money in the capital, with sources suggesting the National Crime Agency (NCA) could target ‘more than 100’ foreigners as a result, with many believed to have ties to Moscow.
The commander in chief of the Burmese armed forces Min Aung Hlaing and his deputy Soe Win, who were responsible for military operations against the Rohingya in Rakhine state between 2017 and 2019 were named.
And as were North Korea’s Ministry of State Security Bureau 7 and the Ministry of People’s Security Correctional Bureau, which run prison camps linked to numerous violations including murder, torture and enslavement.
But Tom Tugendhat, the Tory chairman of the Foreign Affairs Select Committee, said there has been a ‘remarkable silence on human rights violations in China’.
Mr Tugendhat told MPs: ‘There is no, as yet, announcement on any sanctions of those who are either exploiting or abusing the Uighur minorities in Xinjiang or repressing democracy activists in Hong Kong.
‘And I wonder whether that is merely because this is the first stage of the sanctions and it’s just perhaps that the Foreign Office hasn’t quite yet caught up with that, or whether that is a policy change?’
Mr Raab said the Government will consider future sanctions ‘very carefully based on the evidence’ as he declined to ‘pre-empt what the next wave of designations will be’.
Tobias Ellwood, the Tory chairman of the Commons Defence Select Committee, also pressured Mr Raab on China.
He asked: ‘Can we have an announcement on China not just on tactical issues to do with human rights, but the wider foreign policy stance given China’s trajectory?’
Mr Raab replied: ‘We have taken these measures. He’s heard what we’ve said on Hong Kong.
‘He’ll know that Huawei is going through the review in the context of US trade sanctions.
‘We have got the integrated review coming forward, that will be completed by the autumn. I think that is the right opportunity in parallel with the CSR to make sure we’ve got the right strategy and the resources to back it up.’
A Foreign Office spokesman said: ‘The regime will allow the UK to target individuals and organisations around the world unlike conventional geographic sanctions regime, which only target a country.
‘Future targets of the regime may include those who commit unlawful killings perpetrated against journalists and media workers, or activity motivated on the grounds of religion or belief.’
The 49 human rights abusers banned from Britain with their UK cash and assets frozen
1. Dmitry Borisovich Kratov
Chief medical officer/deputy head – Butyrka Prison
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Kratov, who was the chief medical officer and deputy head of Butyrka Prison where Magnitsky was detained until shortly before his death on 16 November 2009, was responsible for the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky, including by failing to ensure the proper administration of medical care, which contributed significantly to his death.
2. Aleksey Vasilyevich Anichin
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Anichin, as a deputy Minister in the Russian Interior Ministry and the head of the Investigative Committee, was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention, which contributed significantly to his death on 16 November 2009. Anichin oversaw a ‘team’ of investigators who failed to investigate complaints made by Magnitsky about his mistreatment and concealed evidence of Magnitsky’s deteriorating medical condition.
3. Primary Name: Oleg F. Silchenko
Investigator in the Investigative Committee
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Silchenko was an investigator in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Interior Ministry and was directly involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention, which contributed significantly to his death on 16 November 2009. Silchenko made six applications to extend Magnitsky’s detention period (despite his deteriorating medical condition), refused Magnitsky access to his family and engaged in the oppressive questioning and other mistreatment of Magnitsky to pressurise him to retract his allegations of corruption against Interior Ministry officials.
4. Gennady Vyacheslavovich Karlov
Head of Department of Ownership and Financial Crimes in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Interior Ministry
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Karlov, as the Head of the Department of Ownership and Financial Crimes in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Ministry of Interior, was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention, which contributed significantly to his death. Karlov was part of a ‘team’ of investigators who failed to investigate complaints made by Magnitsky about his mistreatment and approved actions to conceal evidence relating to subordinates who were directly involved in that conduct.
5. Natalya Vinogradova
Deputy Head of Department of Ownership and Financial Crimes in the Investigative Committee in Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs
Vinogradova, as the Deputy Head of the Ownership and Financial Crimes Department in the Investigative Committee of the Russian Interior Ministry, was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky, which contributed significantly to his death on 16 November 2009. Vinogradova was part of a ‘team’ of investigators, who failed to investigate complaints made by Magnitsky about his mistreatment and provided support to subordinates who were directly involved in that conduct.
6. Fikret Tagiyev
Head of Matrosskaya Tishina Detention Facility
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Tagiyev was the head of the Matrosskaya Tishina detention centre where Sergei Magnitsky died on 16 November 2009. He was responsible for the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention, which contributed significantly to his death including by failing to ensure the provision of adequate medical treatment, ordering the handcuffing and beating of Magnitsky shortly before his death and denying, or failing to provide, timely access for emergency services to provide treatment. Tagiyev was also involved in the concealment of evidence regarding the circumstances relating to Magnitsky’s death.
7. Alexandra Viktorovna Gauss
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Gauss was a doctor at Matrosskaya Tishina detention centre where Sergei Magnitsky was detained during the final hours of his life on 16 November 2009. She failed to provide or ensure the proper administration of medical care which contributed to his death; she also facilitated the mistreatment of Magnitsky after his transfer to Matrosskaya Tishina, including beating by a security team.
8. Dmitriy Komnov
Former head of Butyrka Detention Centre
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Lieutenant Colonel Dmitriy Komnov was the head of Butyrka detention centre where Sergei Magnitsky was detained between 25 July and 16 November 2009. He was responsible for Magnitsky’s mistreatment in detention including poor conditions of detention and the denial of, or failure to provide, adequate medical care, which contributed significantly to his death. Komnov was also involved in concealing evidence of that mistreatment, including providing false or misleading information to the Public Oversight Commission for Human Rights Observance in Moscow Detention Centres.
9.Ivan Pavlovitch Prokopenko
Head of Russian Penitentiary Service at Matrosskaya Tishina Detention Facility
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Prokopenko was the Head of the Russian Penitentiary Service (FSIN) at Matrosskaya Tishina pre-trial detention centre where Magnitsky was detained from 28 November 2008 to 25 July 2009. The FSIN is a federal law enforcement body responsible for the supervision of sentences. Heading the FSIN service at Matrosskaya Tishina, Prokopenko was responsible for the supervision of Magnitsky’s sentence. In this role, Prokopenko facilitated the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky by transferring him from Matrosskaya Tishina detention centre to Butyrka Prison, ignoring Magnitsky’s medical needs which could have been provided for at Matrosskaya Tishina, and depriving Magnitsky of important medical care. This unreasonably put Magnitsky’s life in danger and contributed to his death.
10. Larisa Anatolievna Litvinova
Medical Officer – Butyrka Prison
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Litvinova was head of the therapeutic ward at Butyrka Prison where Sergei Magnitsky was detained between 25 July and 16 November 2009. She was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky by failing to ensure the proper administration of medical care to him during this period causing him considerable suffering and contributing significantly to his death.
11. Alexander Ivanovich Bastrykin
Head of the Investigative Committee of Russia
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Went to university with Vladimir Putin. Alexander Ivanovich Bastrykin was appointed First Deputy Prosecutor General and Head of the Investigative Committee under the Prosecutor’s Office on 22 June 2007; he continued as Chairman of the Investigative Committee after it became an independent body in January 2011. In this role Bastrykin was responsible for the investigation of the mistreatment and death of Sergei Magnitsky in detention and intentionally or recklessly failed to fulfil that responsibility.
12. Boris Borisovich Kibis
Investigator in Russia’s Ministry of the Interior
Kibis was an investigator at the Russian Interior Ministry in 2012, at the time of the posthumous trial of Sergei Magnitsky. In this role, he concealed evidence relating to the mistreatment of Magnitsky, which contributed significantly to his death on 16 November 2009, by supporting the actions of his predecessor Oleg Silchenko and the ‘team’ of investigators who were involved in that conduct.
13. Oleg Logunov
Former Deputy Head of the Investigative Committee, Russian Ministry of the Interior
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK Statement of Reasons: Oleg Logunov, as the Deputy Head of the Investigate Committee of the Russian Interior Ministry, was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky, which contributed significantly to his death on 16 November 2009. Lugunov was part of a ‘team’ of investigators who failed to investigate complaints made by Magnitsky about his mistreatment and provided support to subordinates who were directly involved in that conduct.
14. Andrei Alexandrovich Strizhov
Investigator of the Investigation Committee until 2017 and then Acting Head of Investigations on Moscow’s Investigative Committee
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Andrei Alexandrovich Strizhov, as the acting Head of the Investigative Committee in the Russian Ministry of the Interior after the death of Sergei Magnitsky on 16 November 2009, failed to properly investigate his mistreatment in detention, which contributed significantly to his death and concealed evidence in relation to that conduct.
15. Elena Anatolievna Trikuyla
Investigator in the Russian Investigative Committee
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Elena Anatolievna Trikulya, as an investigator for the Investigative Committee in the Russian Ministry of the Interior after the death of Sergei Magnitsky on 16 November 2009, failed to properly investigate those responsible for his mistreatment in detention, which contributed significantly to his death, and concealed evidence in relation to that conduct.
16. Victor Yakovlevich Grin
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Victor Yakovlevich Grin was Deputy General Prosecutor of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. In that role he was responsible for overseeing the case of Sergei Magnitsky during his detention, as well as responsible for investigating the claims of mistreatment of Magnitsky and his subsequent death on 16 November 2009. He intentionally or recklessly failed to fulfil that responsibility, including by issuing conclusions stating that there had been no violation of law by Interior Ministry investigators whilst Magnitsky was in detention which were then used to justify not prosecuting those alleged to be responsible for his mistreatment and death.
17. Primary Name: Andrey Ivanovich Pechegin
Deputy Division Head in Prosecutor’s Office
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Andrey Pechegin was Deputy Head of the Division of Supervision of Investigations of the Prosecutor’s Office and he was responsible for the investigation of complaints about the ill-treatment of Sergei Magnitsky in detention. The evidence suggests that Pechegin intentionally or recklessly failed to fulfil that responsibility in that he ignored and denied complaints about the ill-treatment of Magnitsky.
18. Andrei Alexandrovich Krechetov
Officer in the Tax Crimes Department of the Moscow Directorate of the Interior Ministry
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Andrei Aleksandrovich Krechetov was an officer in the Tax Crimes Department in the Moscow directorate of the Interior Ministry and was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention, which contributed significantly to his death. Krechetov was part of the ‘team’ of investigators, led by Artem Kuznetsov, the Deputy Head of the Tax Crimes Department, who were allegedly involved in the initial fraud exposed by Sergei Magnitsky and who falsified evidence to justify his arrest and detention. As part of this investigation team, Andrei Krechetov facilitated the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky in custody which was designed to force Magnitsky to retract his earlier testimony.
19. Dmitri Tolchinsky
Employee of the Office for Combating Tax Crimes of the Moscow Central Internal Affairs Directorate (Interior Ministry)
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Dmitri Tolchinskiy was an officer in the Tax Crimes Department in the Moscow directorate of the Interior Ministry and was involved in the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention, which contributed significantly to his death. Tolchinskiy was part of the ‘team’ of investigators, led by Artem Kuznetsov, the Deputy Head of the Tax Crimes Department, who were alleged to be involved in the initial fraud exposed by Sergei Magnitsky and who falsified evidence to justify his arrest and detention. As part of this investigation team, Dmitri Tolchinskiy facilitated the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky in custody which was designed to force Magnitsky to retract his earlier testimony.
20. Aleksei Droganov
Operative of Tax Crimes Department in the Moscow directorate of the Interior Ministry
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK Statement of Reasons: Aleksei Droganov was an officer in the Tax Crimes Department in the Moscow directorate of the Interior Ministry and was involved in the detention and mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky, which contributed significantly to his death. Droganov was part of the ‘team’ of investigators, led by Artem Kuznetsov, the Deputy Head of the Tax Crimes Department, who were allegedly involved in the initial fraud exposed by Sergei Magnitsky and who falsified evidence to justify his arrest and detention. As part of this investigation team Aleksei Droganov facilitated the mistreatment of Sergei Magnitsky whilst in detention which was designed to force Magnitsky to retract his earlier testimony.
21. Sergei Podoprigorov
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Sergei Podoprigorov was a judge at Moscow’s Tverskoi district court. He made two rulings in relation to Sergei Magnitsky: in November 2008 to approve Magnitsky’s arrest and in March 2009 to prolong his detention. In this capacity, Podoprigorov authorised Magnitsky’s detention, prolonging his detention without trial without subjecting to challenge the evidence originally provided to justify Magnitsky’s detention or exploring other factors relevant to the decision. Podoprigorov therefore facilitated the mistreatment and death of Magnitsky by authorising the extension of his detention.
22. Yelena Stashina
Former Judge at Tverskoi District Court
Stashina, as a Judge at Moscow’s Tverskoi District Court, was involved in decisions to extend the detention of Sergei Magnitsky, and in particular on 12 November 2009, four days before his death. In this capacity, Stashina facilitated the mistreatment / denial of medical care to Sergei Magnitsky which contributed significantly to his death.
23. Pavel lAPSHOV
Head of the Organised Crime and Corruption Directorate in the Investigative Committee in the Ministry of the Interior in Russia
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Lapshov was the Head of the Investigative Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in December 2011 after Sergei Magnitsky’s death in detention on 16 November 2009. In this role, Lapshov was responsible for the investigation into the mistreatment and death of Sergei Magnitsky in detention and intentionally or recklessly failed to fulfil that responsibility, in particular by concealing evidence of the circumstances surrounding his death.
24. Aleksey Krivoruchko
Judge at Tverskoi District Court
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Krivoruchko, as a Judge at Moscow’s Tverskoi District Court, was involved in decisions to extend the detention of Sergei Magnitsky, and in particular on 14 September 2009, shortly before his death. In this capacity, Krivoruchko facilitated the mistreatment / denial of medical care to Sergei Magnitsky, which contributed significantly to his death.
25. Svetlana Ukhnalyova
Judge at Moscow’s Tverskoi district court
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Svetlana Ukhnalyova, as a Judge at Moscow’s Tverskoi District Court, was involved in decisions to extend the detention of Sergei Magnitsky, and in particular on 15 June 2009. In this capacity, Ukhnalyova facilitated the mistreatment / denial of medical care to Sergei Magnitsky which contributed significantly to his death on 16 November 2009.
26. Fahad Shabib A. Al Balawi
Member of the Royal Guard
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Shabib A. Albalawi was a Royal Guard in Saudi Arabia. He was directly involved in carrying out the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities.
27. Primary Name: Thaar Ghaleb T. Alharbi
Lieutenant
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Thaar Ghaleb T. Alharbi held the rank of Lieutenant, though it is not clear in which part of the Saudi forces this was and his official role is not clear. He was present during the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, and played an active part in the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities.
28. Mansour Othman M Abahussain
Major General, Intelligence Officer. Worked in the Office of the Crown Prince.
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK Statement of Reasons: Mansour Othman M Abahussain held the position of Major General and worked in the office of the Crown Prince. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities. He was involved in the concealment of evidence at the Saudi Consul General’s residence following the killing.
29 Naif Hassan S. Alarifi
First Lieutenant, External Intelligence, worked in the Office of the Crown Prince.
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Naif Hassan S Alarifi held the position of First Lieutenant, External Intelligence, and worked in the Office of the Crown Prince in Saudi Arabia. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities. In particular, he was involved in the concealment of evidence at the Saudi Consul General’s residence following the killing.
30. Abdulaziz Mohammed Al Hawsawi
Former security official for the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Abdulaziz Mohammed Al Hawsawi was a security official for the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities. He was involved in the concealment of evidence at the Saudi Consul General’s residence following the killing.
31. Mustafa Mohammed Al Madani
Brigadier General, Intelligence Officer employed at the Royal Palace
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Mustafa Mohammed Al Madani held the position of Brigadier General and Intelligence Officer in Saudi Arabia. He was present during the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, and played an active part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities, including through the concealment of evidence relating to the killing.
32 Waleed Abdullah M. Al Sehri
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Waleed Abdullah M. Alsehri held the positions of Royal Guard and Major in Saudi Arabia. He was directly involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities.
33. Salah Muhammed Tubaigy
Head of Forensics- Ministry of Interior.
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Dr Salah Muhammed Tubaigy held the position of Forensic doctor with the Ministry of Interior in Saudi Arabia and Professor in the Department of Criminal Evidence at Naif Arab University. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018 as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities. Dr Tubaigy was present at the time of Jamal Khashoggi’s death and held a direct role in Jamal Khashoggi’s killing and in the concealment of evidence relating to his death.
34. Turki Muserref M. Al Sehri
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Turki Muserref M. Alsehri was an Intelligence Officer in Saudi Arabia. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi on the 2 October 2018 as part of the 15 man team sent to Istanbul, Turkey, by Saudi authorities.
35. Khalid Aedh G. Al Otaibi
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Khalid Aedh G Alotaibi was a Royal Guard in Saudi Arabia. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities. He was involved in the concealment of evidence at the Saudi General Consul’s residence following the killing.
36. Meshal Saad Al Bostani
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Meshal Saad Al Bostani was First Lieutenant in the Saudi Air Force. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities. He was involved in the concealment of evidence at the Saudi General Consul’s residence following the killing.
37. Mohammad Al Otaibi
Consul General in the Saudi Arabia Consulate, Istanbul
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Mohammad Al-Otaibi was the Saudi Consul General in Istanbul. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi, in particular in facilitating the killing and in the concealment of evidence.
38. Saif Saad Q. Al Qahtani
Training Officer, Saudi Air Force
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Saif Saad Q. Alqahtani was a training officer in the Saudi Air Force who worked in the Office of the Crown Prince in Saudi Arabia. He was in the Consulate during the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, and played an active part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities, including through the concealment of evidence relating to the killing.
39 Ahmed Abdullah Al Muzaini
Military Attaché
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Ahmad Abdullah Al Muzaini held the position of Military Attaché at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. He was a senior official who facilitated the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018.
40. Primary Name: Badr Lafi M Al Otaibi
Major, External Intelligence
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Badr Lafi M Al Otaibi held the rank of Major and was involved in External Intelligence in Saudi Arabia. He was part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities and was present during the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018.
41. Mohammad Saad H. Al Zahrani
Intelligence Officer
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Mohammad Saad H. Alzahrani held the position of Intelligence Officer in Saudi Arabia. He was present during the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, and played an active part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities, including through the concealment of evidence relating to the killing.
42. Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb
Intelligence Officer
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Assigned to Saudi Embassy in London in 2007. Worked with Saud Alqahtani, the Crown Prince’s advisor. Maher Abdulaziz Mutreb held the position of Intelligence Officer in Saudi Arabia. He was directly involved in carrying out the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi at the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, as part of the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities.
43. Ahmad Hassan Mohammed Al Asiri
Deputy Head of Saudi Intelligence Services
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Ahmad Hassan Mohammed Al Asiri held the position of Deputy Head of the Saudi Intelligence services (General Intelligence Presidency, GIP) in Saudi Arabia. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi. He was a senior official involved in commissioning the 15 man team sent to Turkey to kill Jamal Khashoggi.
44.Saud Abdullah Al Qahtani
Former Advisor to Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Royal Advisor
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban UK
Saud Al Qahtani held the position of advisor to the Crown Prince in the royal court. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018. He was a senior official who planned and directed the killing using a 15 man team.
45. Primary Name: Mufleh Al Musleh
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Mufleh Al Musleh was a member of staff in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. He was involved in the unlawful killing of Jamal Khashoggi in Istanbul on 2 October 2018, in that he provided support to the 15 man team sent to Turkey by Saudi authorities.
46. Min Aung Lang
Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw)
e Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Senior General Min Aung Hlaing is Commander in Chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw). In this role, he was responsible for military operations carried out in Rakhine State in 2017 and in 2019 and is responsible for atrocities and serious human rights violations committed against the Rohingya population in Rakhine state by the Tatmadaw. These include unlawful killings, including through systematic burning of Rohingya houses and buildings, massacre, torture, forced labour, systematic rape and other forms of targeted sexual violence, and enforced labour.
47. Soe Win
Second in Command of the Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw)
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze and travel ban
Vice Senior General Soe Win, as Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw) and Commander-in-Chief of the Myanmar Army, had responsibility for the Tatmadaw troops who carried out serious human rights violations against the Rohingya population in Rakhine State in 2017 and 2019 including unlawful killings, torture, forced labour, systematic rape and other forms of targeted sexual violence. As Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Tatmadaw and Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Soe Win also has responsibility for the serious human rights violations by the Tatmadaw in connection with its business interests in the extractive industries in Myanmar. Soe Win was also involved in the financing of the Tatmadaw military operations in Rakhine State during which these violations took place, knowing that this financing would contribute to the commission of these violations.
48. Ministry of State Security (MSS) Bureau
Sanctions Imposed: Asset freeze
No details regarding the Head of MSS Bureau 7 are available. The Minister of State Security, who we understand to have been Jong Kyong Thaek since 2017 (although DPRK sources have not confirmed he still holds that position), is assumed to have responsibility for MSS Bureau 7. UK Statement of Reasons: As the entity responsible for running the DPRK’s political prison camps, MSS Bureau 7 is involved in the widespread serious human rights violations committed against prisoners in those camps by camp guards and other DPRK officials. These violations include murder, torture and enslavement.
49. Ministry of People’s Security (MPS) Correctional Bureau a.k.a: MPS Prison Bureau, MPS Correctional Management Bureau
No details regarding the Head of MPS Correctional Bureau are available. The Minister of People’s Security, who we understand to have been Kim Jong Ho since December 2019 (although DPRK sources have not confirmed he still holds that position), is assumed to have responsibility for MPS Correctional Bureau
As the entity responsible for running prison camps in the DPRK, the Ministry of People’s Security Correctional Bureau is involved in the murder, torture and subjection to forced labour of people held in those camps.
It comes as MPs today called for Saudi Prince Mohammed bin Salman to be banned from Britain and his UK-based assets frozen as Jamal Khashoggi’s fiancee urged the Premier League to block his takeover of Newcastle after 20 of his associates were named on a UK sanctions list of the world’s worst human rights abusers.
Mr Khashoggi was a journalist who had been critical of Saudi Arabia’s royal family and was lured to the Saudi consulate in Istanbul in October 2018 before being killed and dismembered.
His killing has now led to the UK taking action against 20 Saudi nationals, who will have their assets in Britain frozen and will be banned from entering the country immediately.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who is accused of ordering the murder of Mr Khashoggi, is not be on the list because he has diplomatic immunity but the fact that many of his closest aides are included raises more uncomfortable questions for the Saudi royal family.
Labour MP Chris Bryant suggested the Prince should be declared persona non grata and told MailOnline: ‘Given that the blood stained trail leads directly to his door it is surprising that the government has not yet declared him as well as his henchmen unwelcome in this land’.
Prince Mohammed is chairman of the Arabia Public Investment Fund, which is currently vying to buy an 80% stake in Newcastle United from Sports Direct owner Mike Ashley. The fund is also has a London headquarters and has stakes in Facebook, Disney, Tesla, several international banks and last month bought shares in BT to help fund Britain’s new broadband network.
Hatice Cengiz, Mr Khashoggi’s fiancee, told Good Morning Britain: ‘To Newcastle fans if you are not happy with the current owner the Crown Prince will be much worse and for fans I want to say if Mike Ashley is like a bad dream for them the Crown Prince will be a nightmare.’
The move to sanction 20 senior Saudis is likely to cause tensions between London and Riyadh and will also raise further questions over the role of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman in the killing of Mr Khashoggi.
Six of the members of the alleged hit squad sent to Turkey are listed as having ‘worked in the office of the crown prince’, being ‘an adviser to the crown prince’, having ‘worked with the crown prince’s adviser’ or being a ‘security official for the crown prince’.
