Brexit trade deal is signed into law
‘The moment is finally upon us… now is the time to seize it’: Boris Johnson hails ‘new beginning in our country’s history’ as Queen grants royal assent to his Brexit trade deal meaning divorce happens at 11pm tonight
- The Prime Minister thanked MPs and peers for rushing the Bill through Parliament in just one day
- The Bill takes effect at exactly 11pm this evening when the UK leaves the Brexit transition period after a year
- At 12.25am, Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle told MPs the Bill been granted royal assent by the Queen
- It enshrines in law the trade agreement finally negotiated between London and Brussels last week
Boris Johnson has heralded a ‘new beginning in our country’s history’ after his Brexit trade deal was enshrined into law and cleared the stage for a smooth divorce from the EU tonight.
The Prime Minister thanked MPs and peers for rushing the Bill through Parliament in just one day so it could take effect at exactly 11pm this evening when the UK leaves the transition period.
At 12.25am, Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle told MPs that the European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020, had been granted royal assent by the Queen from Windsor Castle.
It enshrines in law the trade agreement finally negotiated between London and Brussels last week following four years of wrangling since the referendum.
Shortly before Her Majesty gave the legislation her seal of approval, a bullish Mr Johnson marked out a new chapter for Britain entirely outside the bloc it first joined in 1973.
He said in a statement: ‘I want to thank my fellow MPs and peers for passing this historic Bill and would like to express my gratitude to all of the staff here in Parliament and across Government who have made today possible.
‘The destiny of this great country now resides firmly in our hands.
‘We take on this duty with a sense of purpose and with the interests of the British public at the heart of everything we do.
’11pm on December 31 marks a new beginning in our country’s history and a new relationship with the EU as their biggest ally. This moment is finally upon us and now is the time to seize it.’
Boris Johnson formally signed his Brexit trade deal with the EU this afternoon as he brought the curtain down on four years of wrangling over the UK’s split from Brussels
Boris Johnson enters the House of Commons chamber during a debate and vote on the long-awaited Brexit deal
The Brexit trade agreement touched down at London City airport on an RAF flight this afternoon after being signed by EU commission president Ursula von der Leyen
MPs in the House of Commons voted in favour of the hard fought 1,200 page trade deal this afternoon by 521 votes to 73, a majority of 448
The official copy of the hard-fought 1,200 page trade pact was signed by Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Commission, in Brussels this morning before it was flown to London on an RAF jet.
Mr Johnson was then presented with the document in Number 10 as he did the honours and finally brought the curtain down on the Brexit saga which has dominated UK politics since the EU referendum in 2016.
The Prime Minister is crashing his trade agreement through Parliament in a single day and it cleared its final major hurdle in the House of Commons just before 3pm as MPs voted by 521 to 73, a majority of 448, to approve it.
The deal still has to be debated and voted on by the House of Lords and that will happen this evening before the Queen is then asked to rubber stamp it late tonight.
Earlier, a clearly jubilant Mr Johnson delivered an upbeat message to the Commons about the country’s opportunities now the UK has ‘taken back control’.
Opening the Commons debate on his deal, Mr Johnson urged an end to the ‘rancour and recrimination’ that have soured political life in recent years.
He said decades of tensions with the EU had been ‘resolved’ so Britain can be its closest friend, a free-trading power, and a ‘liberal, outward-looking force for good’. He suggested far from trade being hit by leaving the single market and customs union it should mean ‘even more’ business being done.
‘Having taken back control of our money, our borders, our laws and our waters by leaving the European Union on January 31, we now seize this moment to forge a fantastic new relationship with our European neighbours based on free trade and friendly co-operation,’ Mr Johnson said.
‘At the heart of this Bill is one of the biggest free trade agreements in the world.’
The passage of the deal through the Commons was seen as a formality thanks to the PM’s 80-seat majority and the fact Sir Keir Starmer told Labour MPs they had to vote for it.
However, the Labour leader suffered a major rebellion as 36 Labour MPs, including former shadow Cabinet ministers Diane Abbott and Barry Gardiner, defied their leader’s instruction and chose to abstain.
Only one Labour MP voted against the deal, Bell Ribeiro-Addy, while former Labour leader and now independent MP Jeremy Corbyn abstained. Some 162 Labour MPs voted for the deal along with 359 Tories.
Two junior members of the Labour frontbench, Helen Hayes and Tonia Antoniazzi, quit their roles after they abstained.
In a tough message to would-be mutineers, Sir Keir had said this morning: ‘Those that vote ”no” are voting for No Deal.’
Some 44 SNP MPs, 11 Lib Dems and 8 DUP MPs were among those to have voted against the deal.
Ex-PM Theresa May had delivered a stinging attack saying her agreement with the EU – repeatedly rejected by the House in 2019 before she was evicted from No10 – had been ‘better’ as she berated Sir Keir for failing to support it.
Boris Johnson hailed a ‘new chapter’ for the UK after Brexit today as his trade deal is crashed through Parliament
A smiling EU commission chief Ursula von der Leyen (left) and EU council president Charles Michel signed the pact in Brussels this morning
Ms von der Leyen and Mr Michel signed the trade deal on a provisional basis, with the European Parliament due to give approval next year
A poll overnight suggests that Labour voters want the party to help pass the agreement with the EU
The legislation implementing Mr Johnson’s historic deal is being rushed through the Commons and Lords in just one day, ahead of the end of the transition period at 11pm tomorrow.
The agreement’s passage was assured with Tory Eurosceptics – who lavished praise on Mr Johnson, saying Churchill and Thatcher would be ‘proud’ – fully on board.
Urging MPs to back the accord struck on Christmas Eve, Mr Johnson claimed it resolves ‘the old and vexed question of Britain’s political relations with Europe, which bedevilled our post-war history’.
The PM said: ‘We have done this in less than a year, in the teeth of a pandemic, and we have pressed ahead with this task, resisting all calls for delay, precisely because creating certainty about our future provides the best chance of beating Covid and bouncing back even more strongly next year.’
Mr Johnson went on: ‘We will now open a new chapter in our national story, striking free trade deals around the world, adding to the agreements with 63 countries we have already achieved, and reasserting Global Britain as a liberal, outward-looking force for good.
‘Those of us who campaigned for Britain to leave the EU never sought a rupture with our closest neighbours.
‘We would never wish to rupture ourselves from fellow democracies beneath whose soil lie British war graves in tranquil cemeteries, often tended by local schoolchildren, testament to our shared struggle for freedom and everything we cherish in common.
‘What we sought was not a rupture but a resolution, a resolution of the old and vexed question of Britain’s political relations with Europe, which bedevilled our post-War history.’
Despite warnings that there will be more friction in trade due to breaking free from EU rules, Mr Johnson said the deal ‘if anything should allow companies to do even more business with our European friends, safeguarding millions of jobs and livelihoods in UK and across the continent’.
‘In less than 48 hours, we will leave the EU single market and the customs union, as we promised,’ he said.
Mr Johnson said for the first time since 1973 the UK would be an independent coastal nation, stressing that in five and a half years’ time after another transition Britain will have full control of its waters. ‘Of course we would have liked to have done this more quickly,’ he admitted.
Sir Keir urged his benches to support the historic trade pact, saying the argument is ‘over’ and the issue must not dominate the next general election.
‘Those that vote no are voting for no deal,’ he said. ‘Anyone choosing that option today knows there is no time to renegotiate, there is no better deal coming in the next 24 hours, no extensions, no humble addresses, no SO24s, so choosing that option leads to one place: No deal.
Moment PM enters Commons chamber to watch his Brexit trade deal win approval
This is the moment Boris Johnson marched into the House of Commons chamber to watch his historic Brexit trade deal win approval from MPs.
The Prime Minister crashed through all five stages of the 80-page EU (Future Relationship) Bill in one day to meet the December 31 11pm deadline when the UK leaves the transition period.
Most MPs took part in the day of debates virtually, although a few headed to Westminster to make contributions from the Commons green benches.
Sanitising stations and floor markings have been erected on the parliamentary estate.
Mr Johnson opened the debate this morning before the Speaker heard from backbenchers, including ex-PM Theresa May.
With Labour backing the deal, the bill sailed through the Commons by 521 to 73, a majority of 448.
‘Or we can take the only other option that is available and implement the treaty that has been negotiated.’
However, more than 20 Labour MPs, including former shadow cabinet members Diane Abbott and John McDonnell, are expected to defy their leader to oppose the package, while Scottish Labour is joining Nicola Sturgeon in condemning the plan.
The rebellion underlines the festering divide within Labour over how to handle Brexit, and contrasts with the relative unity in Boris Johnson’s ranks over the deal.
Mrs May – who wore a mask for much of the debate – said she would be supporting the deal citing ‘very important’ security arrangements.
But she said she had listened to Sir Keir’s comments with ‘incredulity’.
‘He said he wanted a better deal. He had the opportunity in early 2019 when there was the opportunity of a better deal on the table and he voted against it, so I will take no lectures from the leader of the Opposition on this deal,’ she said.
‘Central to this deal the PM has said is the tariff free and quota free trade arrangements subject of course to rules of origin requirements. It would have been unforgiveable for the EU not to have allowed tariff free and quota free access given that they signed up to that in the political declaration signed with my Government in November 2018.
‘One of the reasons for supporting this deal is the security arrangements that have been put in place which are very important.’
Ms von der Leyen signed the deal with EU council president Charles Michel in Brussels this morning. It will now be brought to London by an RAF flight, where Mr Johnson is due to sign it later.
The EU commission president tweeted: ‘Today, @eucopresident and I signed the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement.
‘Prime Minister @BorisJohnson will sign it later today in London. It has been a long road.
‘It’s time now to put Brexit behind us. Our future is made in Europe.’
MPs and Peers have been recalled from their Christmas break for today’s one-day sitting to rubber-stamp the trade deal.
The Commons is expected to spend five hours scrutinising the 80-page EU (Future Relationship) Bill starting shortly, before the Upper House sits late into the evening.
The Queen will be on standby at Windsor Castle, where she is expected to give royal assent shortly before midnight. She may have to stay up until the early hours if the debate in the Lords drags on.
At the same time as the votes are held in Parliament, the deal will be signed by Brussels chiefs before being flown by an RAF plane to London for Mr Johnson to add his name to what is an international treaty. The European Parliament has begun its scrutiny of the agreement but will not get a chance to ratify it until after it comes into effect at 11pm tomorrow.
It has however been given the unanimous backing of ambassadors from the 27 EU nations – and the member states yesterday gave their written approval.
Legislation implementing the historic deal is being rushed through the Commons and Lords in just one day, ahead of the end of the transition period at 11pm tomorrow
Keir Starmer is ordering his MPs to support the plan as it is better than No Deal – even though dozens of his own side are expected to rebel
ERG chairman Mark Francois brandished the Brexit trade deal in the Commons and said that after a ‘truly epic struggle’, the UK can now write a new chapter as a ‘free people’
The Queen (pictured) will be on standby at Windsor Castle, where she is expected to give royal assent shortly before midnight. She may have to stay up until the early hours if the debate in the Lords drags on
The European Research Group of hardline Brexiteer Tory MPs last night endorsed the treaty.
A self-styled ‘star chamber’ of lawyers – led by Bill Cash – was assembled to examine the 1,246-page text of the agreement.
They concluded that it preserved ‘the UK’s sovereignty as a matter of law and fully respects the norms of international sovereign-to-sovereign treaties’.
The ERG said: ‘The ‘level playing field’ clauses go further than in comparable trade agreements, but their impact on the practical exercise of sovereignty is likely to be limited if addressed by a robust government.
‘In any event they do not prevent the UK from changing its laws as it sees fit at a risk of tariff countermeasures, and if those were unacceptable the agreement could be terminated on 12 months’ notice.’ The ERG’s legal advisory committee included Sir Bill, Martin Howe QC, Barnabas Reynolds, Christopher Howarth, Emily Law and Tory MP David Jones.
Their backing will be welcomed by the Prime Minister but the Bill was likely to pass because Labour leader Keir Starmer has urged his MPs to vote in favour.
The ERG said: ‘The ‘level playing field’ clauses go further than in comparable trade agreements, but their impact on the practical exercise of sovereignty is likely to be limited if addressed by a robust government.’ Pictured: ERG chairman Mark Francois studying the deal
The SNP, Plaid Cymru, the DUP, the SDLP, Alliance and the Liberal Democrats have all indicated that they are opposed.
Labour peers are expected to pass a ‘motion of regret’, putting on record their dissent. Some 84 MPs are due to speak in the Commons debate, including former prime minister Theresa May.
Dozens of Labour MPs are set to defy Sir Keir’s orders. Former shadow chancellor John McDonnell, Clive Lewis and Ben Bradshaw have accused him of ‘falling into the trap of rallying around this rotten deal’.
Sir Keir dismissed the agreement as ‘thin’, saying it would not underpin workers’ rights or adequately protect sectors such as manufacturing and the creative industries.
But he insisted that a No Deal exit from the transition period was now the only other realistic possibility.
‘A better deal could have been negotiated. But I accept that option has now gone,’ he said.
Shadow Cabinet members – including the Shadow Chancellor Anneliese Dodds, the shadow chief secretary to the Treasury Bridget Phillipson, and the shadow international trade secretary Emily Thornberry – are known to have expressed concerns about the idea of supporting the deal. But they are expected to abide by collective responsibility.
The SNP’s Nicola Sturgeon said: ‘While recognising the UK would leave the EU, we proposed staying in the single market and customs union. The UK Government dismissed these ideas. It disregarded Scotland’s views, values and interests. It has agreed a deal which is disastrous for Scotland.’
Shares in London rose to their highest levels since the early days of the coronavirus crisis yesterday. On the first day of trading since the Christmas break, the FTSE 100 index closed up 1.55 per cent, or 100.54 points, at 6602.65. That was its highest level since March.
In total, £34billion was added to value of UK shares amid hopes the trade agreement and the roll-out of Covid vaccines will jolt the economy back into life in 2021.
Fund manager George Godber, of Polar Capital, said: ‘We should see some relief coming through as a result of the Brexit announcement. Whatever people think of the deal it is infinitely better than No Deal.’
- Swiss and Norwegian politicians have said Britain’s deal is better than their arrangements with the EU. Marit Arnstad of Norway’s Centre Party said the agreement delivered more freedom and more independence than her country had.
In Switzerland, Hans-Peter Portmann of the country’s centre-Right Radical-Liberal Party said his government must ‘include the Brexit deal in the next talks with the EU in January and not go below the level that Britain has now’.
In his Commons speech, Mr Johnson (pictured) pledged the UK will be a ‘friendly neighbour’ to the EU, with whom it will work ‘hand in glove’ when its values and interests coincide
I see no traps… that’s why I’ll seize our day of destiny
Commentary by Andrew Bridgen, Tory MP for North West Leicestershire
Andrew Bridgen (pictured), Tory MP for North West Leicestershire
The hour of freedom approaches. The moment of destiny is almost here. In just two days, Britain will once again take its place on the global stage as an independent nation.
That inspirational reality was fulfilled last week by the impressive Brexit trade deal negotiated by the British Government and the EU, heralding a new era of free co-operation in place of the former dominance by Brussels.
It was the cause of Euroscepticism that first led to my involvement in politics 20 years ago, when I joined the group Business For Sterling to campaign against Britain’s membership of the single currency, then an enthusiasm of Tony Blair’s. And as a member of the European Research Group (ERG) in Parliament – which consists of Eurosceptic MPs – I wouldn’t back anything undermining our independence.
But I’m satisfied the deal reached by the Prime Minister and his chief negotiator Lord Frost fully achieves the goal of Brexit. Since the welcome news of the breakthrough on Christmas Eve, I’ve seen nothing in the small print of real concern, though I would have preferred Parliament to have more time to scrutinise it.
Even so, it does not appear there are any nasty traps in the document. Indeed, I’m tremendously reassured by the verdict yesterday of the ERG Star Chamber – made up of the incisive minds of the ex-Cabinet minister David Jones, the lawyer Martin Howe and the veteran expert Sir Bill Cash – which stated that the deal is ‘consistent with UK sovereignty’.
In practice, Britain has everything it wants. From January, our country will decide its own laws, fix its own immigration rules, conclude its own international trade agreements, set its own taxes and make its own social policies. We are truly about to ‘take back control’, to quote the slogan of the Leave campaign.
Free movement will end, as will the jurisdiction of the European courts and the vast contributions to Brussels’ coffers. If you had offered me such a deal even before the Brexit campaign began, I would have bitten off not just your hands, but your arms and legs as well.
Andrew Bridgen, Tory MP for North West Leicestershire said: ‘I’m satisfied the deal reached by the Prime Minister and his chief negotiator Lord Frost fully achieves the goal of Brexit’
One of the beauties of the deal is a four-year break clause allowing a full review of its operation. Either side can walk away if they’re unhappy.
But the EU will be only too grateful for any future trading relationship with Britain as the bloc’s share of the global economy diminishes. In contrast, freed from the shackles of the EU’s bureaucratic regulation, Britain will flourish, exploiting our advantages of a flexible labour market, a world lead in innovation (in artificial intelligence and digital technology), the gift of the English language and our cultural power.
We could, for instance, create a free trade area with Canada, Australia and New Zealand based on our shared heritage and head of state.
In the final negotiations, the biggest obstacle was fishing rights, since control of our waters is a symbol of nationhood. But here, too, I am satisfied – although the gradual cut in EU quotas is smaller than we had hoped.
The terms give us nine months’ notice to depart the fisheries accord, while the transition period of five and a half years will provide time to rebuild coastal communities.
‘We were sustained by certain factors. First, the role of the Brexit Party led by Nigel Farage, who was ready to seize on any retreat,’ said Andrew Bridgen
Overall, Lord Frost and his team did a superb job, but they couldn’t have managed it without the firm leadership of Boris Johnson, who set out his red lines and refused to cross them. That was in dramatic contrast to his predecessor Theresa May, whose disastrous Chequers proposal in July 2018 would have reduced Britain to a vassal state, more restrictive than EU membership.
Her submissive approach – a Brexit in name only – not only dealt Boris Johnson and Lord Frost a difficult hand when they took over, but also justified the opposition of the ERG.
We were determined not to surrender to siren calls for compromise. There were moments when, to quote the Duke of Wellington about Waterloo, ‘it was a damned close-run thing’, particularly during the third meaningful vote when it looked as if our band of 28 might be overwhelmed.
But we were sustained by certain factors. First, the role of the Brexit Party led by Nigel Farage, who was ready to seize on any retreat.
The second was the arrogance of Remain MPs. They had the numbers for a soft, meaningless Brexit, but overplayed their hand in of their eagerness to overturn the result.
The comprehensive nature of their defeat is illustrated by the fact that today, it is the Eurosceptics who will be voting for a sensible EU trade deal, while the hardline Europhiles – including Labour rebels, the SNP and Liberal Democrats – will be going through intellectual contortions to rationalise their opposition. They’re like Japanese soldiers in the jungle, still engaged in a futile fight after the war has been lost.
However, the greatest source of strength for the Brexit cause was the British people, who never wavered in their belief that the 2016 vote must be properly enacted. In the face of Remain hysteria they stood firm. Now, with the arrival of independence, they have their reward.
